Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus that is spread through sexual contact. Most people do not experience any symptoms of HPV and the virus often goes away by itself. But in some people, HPV causes genital warts or cancer.

Most people infected with HPV have no symptoms. Some types of HPV can cause genital warts. These are small growths on or around the genitals and anus that may be:
• flat or raised
• single or multiple
• clustered
If you are infected with a type of HPV that causes cancer, the virus can cause changes to the cervical cells, which can eventually lead to cancer. There are usually no symptoms, but some people may notice:
• bleeding after sex
• pain during sex
• abnormal periods, unusual vaginal bleeding or unusual discharge
• pain in the pelvis

 HPV is spread through genital to skin contact during sexual activity through tiny breaks in the skin. The virus can live in the skin for many years. It may spread to another person even if there are no visible genital warts.

Diagnosis of HPV is usually made by checking symptoms, examination and, for women, doing a Cervical Screening Test. This test, which replaced the Pap smear, can detect high-risk HPV. There is no blood test to detect HPV.

Using condoms offers some protection, but you can still catch HPV because condoms do not cover the whole genital area.
The best way to protect yourself and others against HPV is to be vaccinated. In women, the vaccine protects against 9 types of HPV that cause cervical cancer it does not protect against all types of HPV. It also helps protect against genital warts and some types of vaginal, vulval and anal cancers.
In men, HPV vaccination helps protect against genital warts and some anal, penile and throat cancers.
The HPV vaccine is recommended for:
• adolescents aged 9 to 18 years
• people who have weakened immune systems
• men who have sex with men

If HPV does not go away it may cause:
• cervical or other types of cancer (e.g. vulvar, vaginal, anal penile, and some cancers of the head and the neck)
• genital and anal warts

80% of unvaccinated adults will pick up HPV at some point in their life. As most HPV is invisible, partners will inevitably share it, and there is no way to know which partner it came from or when they got it. Research continues to show that even patients who have not been sexually active for many years can suddenly develop warts or have abnormal cervical smears.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, January 19). Std facts – human papillomavirus (hpv). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm.
เข้าถึงเมื่อวันที่ 10 กันยายน 2564

Dr Edward Coughlan, D. H. Y. (2017, June 13). About hpv – human papillomaviruses (hpv) are extremely common viruses. About HPV | Most Common Sexually Transmitted Infection. https://www.hpv.org.nz/about-hpv/about-hpv.
เข้าถึงเมื่อวันที่ 10 กันยายน 2564

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